Stay in Touch Sign up. Become a Member Start earning points for buying books! Word power made easy pdf by Norman Lewis is one of the most effective English language vocabulary builder books. It helped millions of candidates to improve their English vocabulary and their communication skills.
This book Word power made easy pdf by Norman Lewis provide step wise step way for improving English and vocabulary. This word power made easy book is one of the best book to improve their english language vocabulary.
Word power made easy book pdf is the most effective vocabulary builder in the english language. Nowadays, english language is very important to tackle day to day activities or work. In every field, english language is very crucial to crack competitive examination english section is must for specific exams such as ssc cgl, IBPS PO and various other. If you find yourself using the same words over and over again. Each of the thirty short chapters zeroes in on a different aspect of grammar, usage, spelling and pronunciation, with challenging and often amusing exercises to help you monitor your daily progress.
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Open Library is a project of the Internet Archive , a c 3 non-profit. See more about this book on Archive. Chiropractic deals with handwriting. A pedodontist is a foot doctor. A periodontist is a gum specialist. A endodontist does root-canal therapy.
An exodontist extracts teeth. A barometer measures heat. An octopus has eight arms. A platypus is a land mammal. A tripod has four legs. A chiromancer reads palms. We know that the graphologist analyzes handwriting, the term combining graphein with logos, science, study. Chirographer is built on graphein plus cheir chiro- , hand. You have built so solid and unsavory a reputation that only a stranger is likely to be misled-and then, not for long.
A notorious liar 2. Your skill has, in short, reached the zenith of perfection. Indeed, your mastery of the art is so great that your lying is almost always crowned with success-and you have no trouble seducing an unwary listener into believing that you are telling gospel truth.
A consummate liar 3. An incorrigible liar 4. Tell- ing untruths is as frequent and customary an activity as brushing your teeth in the morning, or having toast and coffee for break- fast, or lighting up a cigarette after dinner if you are a smoker. And almost as reflexive. This was over two thousand years ago, but I presume that Diogenes would have as little success in his searcl.
Lying seems to be an integral weakness of mortal character-I doubt that few human beings would be so brash as to claim that they have never in their lives told at least a partial untruth. Indeed, one philologist goes so far as to theorize that language must have been invented for the sole purpose of deception. Perhaps so. It is cer- tainly true that animals seem somewhat more honest than humans, maybe because they are less gifted mentally. Why do people lie? These are the common reasons for falsification.
No doubt there are other, fairly unique, motives that impel people to distort the truth. And, to come right down to it, can we always be certain what is true and what is false? If lying is a prevalent and all-too-human phenomenon, there would of course be a number of interesting words to describe different types of liars. The question is, what kind of liar are you?
Are you going to invite Doris and I to your party? Some people are almost irresistibly drawn to the pro- noun I in constructions like this one. However, not only does such use of I violate a valid and useful grammatical principle, but, more important, it is rarely heard in educated speech. Consider it this way: You would normally say, "Are you going to invite me to your party?
One writer responded: "It has been right for about years ' Editors of magazines and newspapers questioned on the same point were just a shade more conservative. Sixty out of sixty-nine accepted the usage. One editor commented: "I think we do not have to be nice about nice any longer. No one can eradicate it from popular speech as a synonym for pleasant, or enjoyable, or kind, or courteous.
It is a workhorse of the vocabulary, and prop- erly so. As in the famous story of the editor who said to her secretary: "There are two words I wish you would stop using so much.
One is 'nice' and the other is 'lousy. He's pretty sick today. RIGHT, One of the purist's pet targets of attack is the word pretty as used in the sentence under discussion.
Yet all modern dictionaries accept such use of pretty, and a survey made by a professor at the University of Wisconsin showed that the usage is established English. I feel awfully sick. Dictionaries accept this usage in informal speech and the University of Wisconsin survey showed that it is established English. The great popularity of awfully in educated speech is no doubt due to the strong and unique emphasis that the word gives to an adjective-substitute very, quite, extremely, or severely-and you considerably weaken the force.
On the other hand, it is somewhat less than cultivated to say "I feel awful sick," and the wisdom of using awfully to intensify a pleasant concept "What an awfully pretty child"; "That book. Of twelve dictionary editors, eleven accepted further, and in the case of the authors, thirteen out of twenty-three accepted the word as used. A professor of English at Cornell University remarked: "I know of no justification for any present-day distinctj.
As applied to spatial distance, further and farther have long been interchangeable. Some people adniit that their principle goal in life is to become wealthy. In speech, you can get principal and principle con- fused as often as you like, and no one will ever know the difference-both words are pronounced identically. In writing, however, your spelling will give you away.
There is a simple memory trick that will help you if you get into trouble with these two words. Rule and principle both end in -le-and a principle is a rule. On the other hand, principal con- tains an a, and so does main-and principal means main.
Get these points straight and your confusion is over. Heads of schools are called prineipals, because they are the main person in that institution of learning. The money you have in the bank is your principal, your main financial assets. And the stars of a play are prineipals-the main actors.
Thus, "Some people admit that their principal main goal in life is to become wealthy," but "Such a principle rule is not guaranteed to lead to happiness. What a nice thing to say! Purists object to the popular use of nice as a synonym for pleasant, agreefible, or delightful. They wish to restrict the word to its older and more erudite meaning of exact or subtle. You will be happy to hear that they aren't getting anywhere.
Correctness, in short, is determined by current educated usage. The following notes on current trends in modern usage are in- tended to help you come to a decision about certain controversial expressions. Would you be willing to phrase your thoughts in just such terms? Decide whether the sentence is "right" or "wrong," then compare your conclusions with the opin- ions given after the test.
Let's not walk any further right now. In the nineteenth century, when professional grammari- ans attempted to Latinize English grammar, an artificial distinc- tion was drawn between farther and further, to wit: farther refers to space, further means to a greater extent or additional.
Today, as a result, many teachers who are still under the forbidding in- fluence of nineteenth-century restrictions insist that it is incorrect to use one word for the other. To check on current attitudes toward this distinction, I sent the test sentence above to a number of dictionary editors, authors, and professors of English, requesting their opinion of the accepta- bility of further in, reference to actual distance.
Their contribution to the complexity of modern living is the repeated claim that many of the natural, carefree, and popular expressions that most of us use every day are "bad English," "incorrect grammar," "vulgar," or "illiterate. Students in my grammar cfasses at Rio Hondo College are somewhat nonplused when they discover that correctness is not determined by textbook rules and cannot be enforced by school- teacher edict.
They invariably ask: "Aren't you going to draw the line somewhere? The Human Mind, by Karl A. Spurgeon English and Gerald H. Pearson Next, I suggest books on some of the newer approaches in psy- chology. These are available in inexpensive paperback editions as well. Harris, M. The Transparent Self, by Sydney M. Those who are familiar with Freud's theories know all the words that explain them-the unconscious, the ego, the id, the superego, rationalization, Oedipus complex, and so on.
Splitting the atom was once a new idea-anyone famil- iar with it knew something about fission, isotope, radioactive, cyclotron, etc. The words you know show the extent of your understanding of what's going on in the world. The size of your vocabulary varies directly with the degree to which you are grow- ing intellectually. You have covered so far in this book several hundred words. Having learned these words, you have begun to think of an equal number of new ideas.
Realizing these facts, you may become impatient. You will begin to doubt that a book like this can cover all the ideas that an alert and intellectually mature adult wishes to be acquainted with. Your doubt is well-founded. One of the chief purposes of this book is to get you started, to give you enough of a push so that you will begin to gather momentum, to stimtilate you enough so that you will want to start gathering your own ideas.
Where can you gather them? From good books on new topics. How can you gather them? By reading on a wide range of new subjects. If your curiosity has been piqued by these references, here is a good place to start. In these fields there is a tremendous and exciting literature-and you can read as widely and as deeply as you wish. What I would like to do is offer a few suggestions as to where you might profitably begin-how far you go will depend on your own interest. These three words, based on lingua, tongue, use prefixes we have discussed.
Can you define each one? With Anglophile as your model, can you figure out what country. The words they know a. Anglus Anglophile Recalling the 'root sophos, wise, and thinking of the English word moron, write the name given to a second-year student in high school or college:. Etymo- IOgically, what does this word mean?
Based on the root sophos, what word means worldly-wise? Student of the stars and other heavenly phenomena: a ge- ologist, b astronomer, c anthropologist 2. Student of plant life: a botanist, b zoologist, c biolo- gist 3. Student of the meaning and psychology of words: a philol- ogist, b semanticist, c etymologist 5. Analysis of living tissue: a autopsy, b biopsy, c au- tonomy 6. Part that represents the whole: a epitome, b dichotomy, c metronome 9. One who physically travels in space: a astronomer, b as- trologer, c astronaut " One who has extramarital affairs: a cosmonaut, b philanderer, c philanthropist KEY: 1-b, 2-a, 3-b, 4-b, 5-b, c, 7-b, 8-a, 9-c, b B.
Anglophile f. Did Dr. Is an egoist the epitome of selfishness? Is a philanthropist antisocial? Anglophile ANG'-gla-ffi' 6. Socius is the source of such common words as associ- ate, social, socialize, society, sociable, and antisocial; as well as asocial ay-SO'-shal , which combines the negative prefix a- with socius.
The antisocial person actively dislikes people, and often be- haves in ways that are detrimental or destructive to society or the social order anti-, against. On the other hand, someone who is asocial is withdrawn and self-centered, avoids contact with others, and feels completely indifferent to the interests or welfare of society.
The asocial per- son doesn't want to "get involved. Anglus English Aphrodisiac is an adjective as well as a noun, but a longer ad- jective form, aphrodisiacal af-rn-da-ZI'-a-kal , is also used.
A bibliophile BIB'-lee-a-ffi' is one who loves books as collecti- bles, admiring their binding, typography, illustrations, rarity, etc. The combining root is Greek biblion, book. The combining root is Latin Anglus, English.
Semantics, like orthopedics, pediatrics, and obstetrics, is a sin- gular noun despite the -s ending. Semantics is, not are, an exciting study. However, this rule applies only when we refer to the word as a science or area of study.
Wendell Johnson. Can you write, and pronounce, the ad- jective? Companion itself has an interesting etymology-Latin com-, with, plus pants, bread. If you are social, you enjoy breaking bread with companions.
Pantry also comes from pants, though far more than bread is stored there. So a woman who is the epit- ome of kindness stands for all people who are kind; and an act that epitomizes a philosophy of life represents, by itseH, the com- plete philosophy. Can you write, and pronounce, the adjective form of philology? The verb philander fa-LAN'-dQr , to "play around" sexually, be promiscuous, or have extramarital relations, combines philein with andros, male.
Philandering, despite its derivation, is not of course exclusively the male province. The word is, in fact, derived from the proper name conventionally given to male lovers in plays and romances of the s and s. By etymology, philosophy is the love of wisdom Greek sophos, wise ; Philadelphia is the City of Brotherly Love Greek adel- phos, brother ; philharmonic is the love of music or harmony Greek harmonia, harmony ; and a philter, a rarely used word, is a love potion. We have long since split the atom, of course, with re- sults, as in most technological advances, both good and evil.
The adjective is atomic a-TOM'-ik. The Greek prefix ana- has a number of meanings, one of which is up, as in anatomy a-NAT'-a-mee , originally the cutting up of a plant or animal to determine its structure, later the bodily struc- ture itself.
The adjective is anatomical an'-a-TOM'-a-kal. Originally any book that was part of a larger work of many vol- umes was called a tome TOM -etymologically, a part cut from the whole. Today, a tome designates, often disparagingly, an ex- ceptionally large book, or one that is heavy and dull in content. The Greek prefix dicha-, in two, combines with tome to con- struct dichotopiy dI-KOT'-a-mee , a splitting in two, a technical word used in astronomy, biology, botany, and the science of logic.
It is also employed as a non-technical term, as when we refer to the dichotomy in the life of a man who is a government clerk all day and a night-school teacher after working hours, so that his life is, in a sense, split into two parts.
Dichotomous thinking is the sort that divides everything into two parts-good and bad; white and black; Democrats and Republi- cans; etc.
An unknown wit has made this classic statement about dichotomous thinking: "There are two kinds of people: those who divide everything into two parts, and those who do not. What you have is an epitome a-PIT'-a-mee , a condensation of the whole. From epi-, on, upon, plus tome. An epitome may refer to a summary, condensation, or abridg- ment of language, as in "Let me have an epitome of the book," or "Give me the epitome of his speech.
Where these parts join, there appears to the imaginative eye a "cutting in" of the body. Hence the branch of Zoology dealing with insects is aptly named entomology, from Greek en-, in, plus tome, a cutting. The adjective is entomological en'-t:rma-LOJ'-a-k:il.
The word insect makes the same point-it is built on Latin in- in, plus sectus, a form of the verb meaning to cut. The prefix ec-, from Greek ek-, means out. The Latin prefix, you will recall, is ex-. Combine ec- with tome to derive the words for surgical procedures in which parts are "cut out," or removed: tonsillectomy the tonsils , appendectomy the appendix , mas- tectomy the breast , hysterectomy the uterus , prostatectomy the prostate , etc.
Combine ec- with Greek kentron, center the Latin root, as we have discovered, is centrum , to derive eccentric :ik-SEN'-trik - out of the center, hence deviating from the normal in behavior, attitudes, etc. Thti noun is ec- centricity ek'-s:in-TRIS'-:rtee. Do geological investigations sometimes determine where oil is to be found? Does a geometrician work with mathematics? Do geographical shifts in population sometimes affect the economy of an area?
YES NO 9. Does a biographical novel deal with the life of a real person? Is botany a biological science? Is the United States politically autonomous? Is a biopsy performed on a dead body? Is a metronome used in the study of mathematics? KEY: 1-no, 2-no, 3-yes, 4-yes, 5-yes, 6-yes, 7-yes, 8-yes, 9-yes, yes, yes, no, no, no, no Can you recall the words? KEY: 1-d, 2-h, 3-a, 4-f, 5-c, 6-i, 7-e, 8-g, 9-b Can you work with the words? A biopsy is contrasted with an autopsy AW'-top-see , which is a medical examination of a corpse in order to discover the cause of death.
Th autos in au- topsy means, as you know, self-in an autopsy, etymologically speaking, the surgeon or pathologist determines, by actual view or sight rather than by theorizing i.
Botanist is from Greek botane, plant. Zoologist is from Greek zoion, animal. The science is zaology. The adjective? The combina- tion of the two o's tempts many people to pronounce the first three letters of these words in one syllable, thus: zoo. However, the two o's should be separated, as in co-operate, even though no hyphen is used in the spelling to indicate such separation.
Zoo, a park for ani- mals, is a shortened form of zaological gardens, and is, of course, pronounced in one syllable. The zodiac Z6'-dee-ak is a diagram, used in astrology, of the paths of the sun, moon, and planets; it contains, in part, Latin names for various animalsscorpio, scorpion; leo, lion; cancer, crab; taurus, bull; aries, ram; and pisces, fish.
Hence its derivation from zoion, animal. The adjective is zodiacal zO-Dl'-a-kal. You know the instrument that beginners at the piano use to guide their timing? A pendulum swings back and forth, making an audible click at each swing, and in that way governs or orders the measure or timing of the player. The science is geology jee-OL'-a-jee. Can you write the adjective? The ety- mology of the word shows that this ancient science was originally concerned with the measurement- of land and spaces on the earth.
Geography jee-OG'-ra-fee is writing about graphein, to write , or mapping, the earth. The name George iS also derived from ge geo- , earth, plus ergon, work-the first George was an earth-worker or farmer.
Biologist combi. The sci- ence is biology bi-OL'-a-jee. The science is. Can you form the adjective? Can you pronounce it? Nautical NOT'-a-kQl , relating to sailors, sailing, ships, or navigation, derives also from nautes, and nautes in tum is from Greek naus, ship-a root used in nau- sea etymologically, ship-sickness or seasickness!
Aster AS'-tQr is a star shaped flower. In ancient times it was believed that the stars ruled human destiny; any misfortune or calamity, therefore, happened to someone because the stars were in opposition.
Dis-, a prefix of many meanings, in this word signifies against. For example, if you can make your own laws for yourself, if you needn't answer to anyone else for what you do, in short, if you are independent, then you enjoy autonomy aw-TON'-a- mee , a word that combines nomos, law, with autos, self.
Au- tonomy, then, is self-law, self-government. KEY: 1-entomologist, 2-philologist, 3-sociologist, 4-anthropolo- gist, 5-scmanticist, 6-botanist,? Can you write the adjective form of this word? Astronomer is built on Greek astron, star, and nomos, arrange- ment, law, or order.
An entomologist 8. This person is, in short, a student of linguistics, ancient and modern, primitive and cultured, Chinese, Hebrew, Icelandic, Slavic, Teutonic, and every other kind spoken now or in the past by human beings, not excluding that delightful hodgepodge known as "pidgin English," in which a piano is described as "big box, you hit 'um in teeth, he cry," and in whkh Hamlet's famous quandary, "To be or not to be, that is the question.
This linguistic scientist explored the subtle, intangible, elusive relationship between language and thinking, between meaning and words;. A semanticist This scientist is a student of the ways in which people live to- gether, their family and community structures and customs, their housing, their social relationships, their forms of government, and their layers of caste and class.
The field is the comparatively little and insignificant whirling ball on which we live-the earth. How did our planet come into being, what is it made of, how were its mountains, oceans, rivers, plains, and valleys formed, and what's down deep if you start dig- ging?
A geologist 4. The field is all living organisms-from the simplest one-cefled amoeba to the amazingly complex and mystifying structure we call a human being. Plant or animal, flesh or vegetable, denizen of water, earth, or air-if it lives and grows, this scientist wants to know more about it.
A biologist 5. This scientist's province is the former category-flowers,. A botanist 6. Science, then, deals with human knowledge-as far as it has gone. It has gone very far indeed since the last century or two, when we stopped basing our thinking on guesses, wishes, theories that had no foundation in reality, and concepts of how the world ought to be; and instead began to explore the world as it was, and not only the world but the whole universe. From Galileo, who looked through the first telescope atop a tower in Pisa, Italy, through Pasteur, who watched microbes through a microscope, to Einstein, who deciphered riddles of the universe by means of mathematics, we have at last begun to fill in a few areas of igno- rance.
Who are some of the more important explorers of knowl- edge-and by what terms are they known? The field is all mankind-how we developed in mind and body from primitive cultures and early forms.
An anthropologist 2. The field is the heavens and all that's in them-planets, galaxies, stars, and other universes.
Here are two typical reactions. An editor at Doubleday and Company: "The restriction against the split infinitive is, to my mind, the most artificial of all gram- matical rules.
I find that most educated people split infinitives reg- ularly in their speech, and only eliminate them from their writing when they rewrite and polish their material. The construction adds to the strength of the sentence-it's compact and clear.
This is to loudly say that I split an infinitive whenever I can catch one. And they are not medical doc- tors. The M. Do you prophecy another world war? Use prophecy only when you mean prediction, a noun.
When you mean predict, a verb, as in this sentence, use prophesy. This distinction is simple and foolproof. Leave us not mention it. On the less sophisticated levels of American speech, leave is a popular substitute for let. On educated levels, the fol- lowing distinction is carefully observed: let means allow; leave means depart.
If you expect to eventually succeed, you must keep trying. We have here, in case you're puzzled, an example of that notorious bugbear of academic grammar, the "split infinitive. Splitting an infinitive is not at all difficult-you need only insert a word between the to and the verb: to eventually succeed, to completely fail, to quickly remember. Now that you know how to split an infinitive, the important question is, is it legal to do so? I am happy to be able to report to you that it is not only legal, it is also ethical, moral, and some- times more effective than to not split it.
And modem writers are equaJiy partial to the construction. Did I tell you about my latest amorous conquest? Let me give you my opinion-I know, because I'm an expert at practically ev- erything! An egotist 3. Never mind your- own inter- ests, how's the next fellow getting along? An altruist 4. Probing, futile questions like "What do other people-think of me? You may seem unsocial, yet your greatest desire is to be Hked and accepted.
You may be shy and quiet, you are often moody and unhappy, and you prefer solitude or at most the company of one person to a crowd. You have an aptitude for creative work and are uncomfortable engaging in activities that require co- operation with other people. You may even be a genius, or even. An introvert 5. You can always become interested-sincerely, vi- tally interested-in other people's problems.
You're the life of the party, because you never worry about the effect of your actions, never inhibit yourself with doubts about dignity or propriety.
Your thoughts, your interests, your whole personality are turned outward. An extrovert 6. Your interests are turned, in about equal proportions, both inward and outward. An ambivert 7. Especially, but never to be admitted, yourself? The perfectibility of the human race? No way! Probably ail! A misanthrope 8. So now you have a carefully constructed defense agaim;t further hurt -you hate all women.
A misogynist 9. You will not make the ultimate legal commitment Members of the opposite sex are great as lovers, roommates, apartment- or house-sharers, but not as lawfully wedded spouses. Y may possibly believe, and pos- sibly, for yourself, be right, that a commitment is deeper and more meaningful if freedom is available without judicial proceedings.
A misogamist Self-denial, austerity, lonely contemplation-these are the char- acteristics of the good life, so you claim. The simplest food and the least amount of it that will keep body and soul together, com- bined with abstinence from fleshly, earthly pleasures, will eventu- ally lead to spiritual perfection-that is your philosophy.
Now say the words-each one is respelled phonetically so that you will be sure to pronounce it correctly. This is the first important step to com- plete mastery. As you hear a word in your own voice, think of its meaning. Are you quite clear about it? If not, reinforce your learning by rereading the explanatory paragraph or paragraphs.
Can you pronounce the words? For your third step, match each personality with the appro- priate characteristic, action, or attitude. Now that you are becoming more and more involved in these ten words, find out if they can make an immediate, appeal to your understanding. Is an egoist selfish? YES , NO 2. Is an altruist selfish? YES NO 4.
Are most normal people ambiverts? YES NO 7. Does a misanthrope like people? YES NO 8. Does an ascetic lead a life of luxury? YES NO l 0. KEY: I-yes, 2-no, 3-no, 4-yes, 5-no, 6-yes, 7-no, 8-no, 9-no, yes Can you recall the words? You have thus far reinforced your learning by saying the words aloud, by matching them to their definitions, and by responding to meaning when they were used in context.
Can you recall each word, now, without further reference to previous material? And can you spell it correctly? Who lives a lonely, austere 1. Whose interests are turned 2.
Who is supremely selfish? Who hates people? M 5. Whose interests are turned 5. Who is incredibly conceited? Who is more interested in the 7.
Who hates women? Who hates marriage? In this section you will learn a good deal more about the. I is the greatest concern in the egoist's mind, the most overused word in the egotist's vocabulary.
Ego itself has been taken over from Latin as an important English word and is commonly used to denote one's concept of oneself, as in, "What do you think your constant criticisms do to my ego? If you are an egocentric ee'-go-SEN'-trik , you consider your- self the center of the universe-you are an extreme form of the egoist. And if you are an egomaniac ee'-g5-MAY'-nee-ak , you carry egoism to such an extreme that your needs, desires, and in- terests have become a morbid obsession, a mania.
The egoist or egotist is obnoxious, the egocentric is intolerable, and the egoma- niac is dangerous and slightly mad. Egocentric is both a noun "What an egocentric her new room- mate is! To derive the adjective form of egomaniac, add -al, a common adjective suffix. Say the adjective aloud: egomaniacal ee'-go-ma-NI'-a-kal 2. Altruism AL'-triz-am , the philosophy practiced by altru- ists, comes from one of the variant spellings of Latin alter, other.
Altruistic al-trIS'-tik actions look toward the benefit of others. If you alternate A WL'-tar-nayt' , you skip one and take the other, so to speak, as when you play golf on alternate AWL'- far-nat Saturdays. An alternate AWL'-tar-nai in a debate, contest, or conven- tion is the other person who will take over if the original choice is unable to attend.
And if you have no alternative awl-TUR'-na- tiv , you have no other choice. You see how easy it is to understand the meanings of these words once you realize that they all come from the same source. Ari alteration awl'-t:i-RAY'-shan is of course a change-,-a making into something other. When you alter AWL'-tar your plans, you make other plans. An altercation awl'-tar-KAY'-shan is a verbal dispute. When you have an altercation with someone, you have a violent disagree- ment, a "fight" with words.
And why? Because you have other ideas, plans, or opinions than those of the person on the other side of the argument. Altercation, by the way, is stronger than quarrel or dispute-the sentiment is more heated, the disagreement.
You have altercations, in short, over pretty important issues, and the word implies that you get quite excited. Alter ego AWL'-tar EE'-go , which combines alter, other, with ego, I, self, -generally refers to someone with whom you are so close that you both do the same things, think alike, react similarly, and are, in temperament, almost mirror images of each other.
Any such friend is your other I, your other self, your alter ego. Digging a little into the derivation of three of our basic words, egoist, egotist, and altruist, has put us in touch with two important Latin roots, ego, I, self, and alter, other, and has made it possible for us to explore, with little difficulty, many other words derived from these roots. Pause now, for a moment, to digest these new acquisitions, and to say them aloud. AWL'-tar-nayt' 8. Ill You have seen how these thirteen words derive from the two Latin roots ego, I, self, and alter, other, and you have pronounced them aloud and thereby begun to make them part of your active vocabulary.
Are you ready to match definitions to words? If you have begun to understand these thirteen words, you will be able to respond to the following questions. Is rejection usually a blow to one's ego? YES NO 2. Is an alternate plan necessarily inferior? Ha:ve you learned. Re- view first if necessary; then, without further reference to previous pages, write the correct word in each blank. Make sure to check your spelling when you refer to the Key. If your thoughts are constantly turned inward intro- , you are an introvert; outward extro- , an extrovert; and in both directions am bi- , an ambivert.
The prefix ambi-, both, is also found in ambidextrous am'-ba-DEKS'-trs , able to use both hands with equal skill. The noun is ambidexterity am'- ba-deks-TAIR'-a-tee.
The ending -ous is a common adjec- tive suffix famous, dangerous, perilous, etc. Spelling caution: Note that the letter following the t- in am- bidextrous is -r, but that in dexterous the next letter is -e.
Dexter is actually the Latin word for right hand-in the am- bidextrous person, both hands are right hands, so to speak. The right hand is traditionally the more skillful one; it is only within recent decades that we have come to accept that "lefties" or "southpaws" are just as normal as anyone else-and the term lef I-handed is still used as a synonym of awkward.
The Latin word for the left hand is sinister. This same word, in English, means threatening, evil, or dangerous, a further com- mentary on our early suspiciousness of left-handed persons. There may still be some parents who insist on forcing left-handed chil- dren to change though left-handedness is inherited, and as much an integral part of its possessor as eye color or nose shape , with various unfortunate results to the child-sometimes stuttering or an inability to read with normal skill.
Call someone gauche GOSH and you imply clumsiness, generally social rather than physical. We're right back to our age-old misconception that left-handed people are less skillful than right-handed ones. A gauche remark is tactless; a gauche offer of sympathy is so bumbling as to be em- barrassing; gaucherie GO'-sha-ree is an awkward, clumsy, tact- less, embarrassing way of saying things or of handling situations.
The gauche person is totally without finesse. Needless to say, adroit, like dexterous, means skillful, but especially in the exercise of the mental facilities. Like gauche, adroit, or its noun adroitness, usually is used figuratively. The adroit person is quick- witted, can get out of difficult spots cleverly, can handle situations ingeniously.
Adroitness is, then, quite the opposite of gaucherie. The misanthrope hates mankind Greek an. Anthropos, mankind, is also found in anthropology an-thra- POL'-a-jee , the study of the development of the human race; and in philanthropist fa-LAN'-thra-pist , one who loves man- kind and shows such love by making substantial financial contri- butions to charitable organizations or by donating time and energy to helping those in need. As we will discover later, monos means one, bi- means two, polys means many.
Bigamy, by etymology, is two marriages-in actuality, the un- lawful act of contracting another marriage without divorcing one's current legal spouse.
And polygamy, by derivation many marriages, and therefore ety- mologically denoting plural marriage for either males or females, in current usage generally refers to the custom practiced in earlier times by the Mormons, and before them by King Solomon, in wh.
The correct, but rarely used, term for this custom is polygyny p;;i-LIJ'-a-nee -polys, many, plus gyne, woman. What if a woman has two or more husbands, a form of mar- riage practiced in the Himalaya Mountains of Tibet? That custom is called polyandry pol-ee-AN'-dree , from polys plus Greek andros, male.
Consider: Person Practice, etc. Adjective 1. A monk lives a lonely life-not for him the pleasures of the fleshpots, the laughter and merriment of convivial gatherings, the dissipation of high living.
Rather, days of contemplation, study, and rough toil, nights on a hard bed in a simple cell, and the kind of self-denial that leads to a purification of the soul. That person is an ascetic who leads an existence, voluntarily of course, that compares in austerity, simplicity, and rigorous hard- ship with the life of a monk.
The practice is asceticism a-SET'-;l-siz-am , the adjective as- cetic. Stop for a moment to review the roots, prefixes, and suffixes you have studied. Can you recall a word we have discussed in this chapter that is built on the in- dicated prefix, root, or suffix?
Hear it in your own voice! Say it often enough so that you feel comfortable with it, noting carefully from the phonetic respelling exactly how it should sound.
Remember that the first crucial step in mastering a word is to be able to say it with ease and assurance. I Check on your comprehension! See how successfully you can match words and meanings! Ill 1. Is a sinister-looking person frightening?
Is gaucherie a social asset? YES NO 5. Is a bigamist breaking the law? YES NO Is a philanthropist generally altruistic? YEs NO Are bachelors necessarily misogynous? KEY: 1-yes, 2-yes, 3-yes, 4-no, 5-yes, 6-yes, 7-no, 8-yes, 9-no, yes, yes, no, no, no, no, no, yes Can you recall the words? M adj. M mankind adj. B than one spouse G disorders A equal skill Do you recognize the words? Puts selfish desires first: a egoist, b egotist, c altruist 2.
Is self-analytical: a extrovert, b introvert, c ambivert 3. Hates women: a misogamist, b misanthrope, c misogynist 4. One's other self: a altercation, b alter ego, c alteration 5. Awkward, clumsy: a adroit, b dexterous, c gauche 6. Plural marriage as a custom: a bigamy, b polygamy, c mo- nogamy 7. Study of human development: a asceticism, b philanthropy, c anthropology 8.
Write your answers on the blank lines. In three sessions, you have become acquainted with scores of new, vital, exciting words.
You understand the ideas behind these words, their various forms and spellings, their pronunciation, their derivation, how they can be used, and exactly what they mean. This realization should make you feel both gratified and excited. Funny thing about time. Aside from the fact that we all, rich or poor, sick or well, have the same amount of time, exactly twenty- four hours every day that is looking at time from a static point of view , it is also true that we can always find time for the things we enjoy doing, almost never for the things we find unpleasant and that is looking at time from the dynamic point of view.
I am not merely being philosophical-I am sure you will agree with this concept if you give it a little thought. If you have enjoyed learning new words, accepting new chal- lenges, gaining new understanding; and discovering the thrill of successful accomplishment, then make sure to stay with the time schedule you have set up for yourself.
A crucial factor in successful, ongoing learning is routine. Develop a comfortable time routine, persevere against all dis- tractions, and you will learn anything you sincerely want to learn. Do you some- times get a little confused about lay and lie or who and whom? Perhaps you are often a little less than certain about the distinc- tion between effect and affect, principal and principle, childish and childlike?
Here is a series of quick tests that will show you how ski11ful you are in using the right word in the right place, that will give you a reliable indication of how your language ability compares with the average. There is a beautiful moon out tonight and Estelle and I are going for a stroll-would you like to come along with she and I, her and me?
Your husband doesn't believe that you are older than I, me. Maybe we're not as rich as they, them , but I bet we're a lot happier. Does your child still lay, lie down for a nap after lunch? When we saw Mary openly filrting with Nellie's husband, we could, couldn't hardly believe our eyes. You should of, have put more vermouth into the martini. Does your company leave, let you have as long a lunch break as you would like?
Harriet feels that her brothers-in-law, brother-in-laws are impossible to get along with. White was delighted that the Fennells had invited John and she, her to their party. Is your English up to par? What effect, affect has the new administration's policies had on investor confidence?
A feeling of one's worth is one of the principle, principal goals of psychological therapy. There's no sense in, of carrying on that way. I can't remember who, whom it was.
The infant lay, laid quietly. No one but she, her ever made a perfect score on the test. In the early days of frontier history, horse thieves were hanged, hung.
Neither of your responses- are, is satisfactory. Either of these two small cars, if properly maintained, is, are sure to give over thirty miles per gallon in highway driving. Tell whoever, whomever is waiting to come in. The next ten sentences are no cinch-you will be acquit- ting yourself creditably if you check the correct word five times out of ten.
And you have every right to consider yourself an ex- pert if you get nine or ten right. We have just interviewed an applicant who, whom the committee believes is best qualified for the position. She is one of those gifted writers who turns, turn out one best seller after another.
Don't sound so incredulous, incredible ; what I am saying is absolutely true. We were totally disinterested, uninterested in the offer. This recipe calls for two cupsful, cupfuls of sugar. Are you trying to infer, imply by those words that he is not to be trusted? We thought the actress to be she, her , but we weren't sure. Was it she, her you were talking about? Your criteria is, are not valid. Are you an expert?
To find out what ails you and why, this specialist gives you a thorough physical examination, using an impressive array of tests: X ray,. An internist 2. This specialist treats the female reproductive and sexual organs.
A gynecologist 3. This specialist delivers babies and takes care of the mother dur- ing and immediately. An obstetrician 4. You know the common childhood maladies-mumps, whoop- ing cough, chicken pox, measles. You have heard the classic riddle: "What is the best use for pigskin? And our outer covering, like so many of our internal organs, is subject to diseases and infections of various kinds, running the gamut from simple acne and eczemas through impetigo, psoriasis, and cancer.
There is a specialist who treats all such skin diseases. A dermatologist 6. The physician whose specialty is disorders of vision myopia, astigmatism, cataracts, glaucoma, etc. An ophthalmologist 7. This specialist deals with the skeletal structure of the body, treating bone fractures, slipped discs, clubfoot, curvature of the spine, dislocations of the hip, etc. An orthopedist 8. This specialist treats diseases of the heart and circulatory sys- tem.
A cardiologist 9. This physician specializes in the treatment of disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the nervous system. This specialist attempts to alleviate mental and emotional dis- turbances by means of various techniques, occasionally drugs or electroshock, more often private or group psychotherapy.
Words take on a new color if you hear them in your own voice; they begin to belong to you more personally, more intimately, than if you merely hear or read them. As always, therefore, say the words aloud to take the first, crucial step toward complete mastery. Match each doctor to the field.
Is an internist an expert in diagnosis? YES NO a 2. Does a pediatrician deliver babies? Is an ophthalmologist an eye,specialist? Is a neurologist a nerve specialist? If you were nervous, tense, overly YES NO anxio-Ds, constantly fearful for no apparent reasons, would a psychiatrist be the specialist to see? Write the name of the specialist you might visit or be referred to: i. This physician determines the state of your internal organs in order to discover what's happening within your body to- cause the troubles you're complaining of.
Do not confuse the internist with the intern also spelled in- terne , who is a medical graduate serving an apprenticeship inside a hospital. Obstetrician derives from Latin obstetrix, midwife, which in turn has its source in a Latin verb meaning to stand-midwives stand in front of the woman in labor to aid in the delivery of the infant. The suffix -ician, as in obstetrician, physician, musician, magi- cian, electrician, etc.
Obstetrics ob-STET'-riks has only within the last years become a respectable specialty. No further back than , Pro- fessor William P. Dewees assumed the first chair of obstetrics at the University of Pennsylvania and had to brave considerable medical contempt and ridicule as a result-the delivery of chil- dren was then considered beneath the dignity of the medical pro- fession. Adjective: pediatric pee-dee-AT'-rik. The ped- you see in words like pedeStal, pedal, and pedestrian is from the Latin pedis, foot, and despite the identical spelling in English has no relationship to Greek paid.
And to what do you lead them? To learning, to development, to growth, to maturity. From the moment of birth, infants are led by adults- they are taught, first by parents and then by teachers, to be self- suffi. Hence, pedagogy, which by derivation means the leading of a child, refers actually to the principles and methods of teaching.
College stu- dents majoring in education take certain standard pedagogy courses-the history of education; educational psychology; the psychology of adolescents; principles of teaching; etc. Adjective: pedagogical ped-a-GOJ'-a-kal. A pedagogue PED'-:i-gog is versed in pedagogy. Building A Superior Vocabulary. Expanded and Completely Revised Edition. Norman Lewis, by way of citing several examples, even explains the correct usage of Norman Lewis word power made easy pdf born in New York in Google home app download free 3 By SarkariHelp Last updated Dec Now, vocabulary-building expert Norman Lewis opens a wonderful new world to youthe world of word power.
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